APAC100 - Revision history

Merv at 06:00, 21 June 2009

2009-06-21T06:00:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:00, 21 June 2009
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	\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise		\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
	\|[[APAC155\|'''excursus F''']]		\|[[APAC155\|'''excursus F''']]
			\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
			\|[[APAC157\|'''chapter eight]]
			\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
			\|[[APAC183\|'''excursus G''']]
	\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise		\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
	\|[[APAC:Epilogue\|'''epilogue''']]		\|[[APAC:Epilogue\|'''epilogue''']]

Merv at 07:11, 15 December 2008

2008-12-15T07:11:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:11, 15 December 2008
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	\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise		\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
	\|[[APAC142\|'''excursus E''']]		\|[[APAC142\|'''excursus E''']]
			\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
			\|[[APAC155\|'''excursus F''']]
	\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise		\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
	\|[[APAC:Epilogue\|'''epilogue''']]		\|[[APAC:Epilogue\|'''epilogue''']]

Jan: /* Excursus B : money matters */

2008-11-29T16:35:16Z

Excursus B : money matters

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:35, 30 November 2008
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	:The pound swung for a long time around 25 francs, which puts the franc at about tenpence.<ref> Cf. Dillon writing to Colin, quoted in Wiltgen, op. cit. p. 217. in 1841 Fr. Garin writes to Colin of a gift of 30 pounds and explains: 600 francs; probably an unthinking remark, [[Girard00111\|LRO, doc. 111]] [11].</ref> In 1851 Rocher wrote to Colin from Sydney that due to the gold rush he had to pay £ 26 for a ton of flour, and 30 centimes for a loaf of bread, threepence would have meant nothing to Colin.<ref> [[Girard1062\|LRO, doc. 1062]] [12].</ref>		:The pound swung for a long time around 25 francs, which puts the franc at about tenpence.<ref> Cf. Dillon writing to Colin, quoted in Wiltgen, op. cit. p. 217. in 1841 Fr. Garin writes to Colin of a gift of 30 pounds and explains: 600 francs; probably an unthinking remark, [[Girard00111\|LRO, doc. 111]] [11].</ref> In 1851 Rocher wrote to Colin from Sydney that due to the gold rush he had to pay £ 26 for a ton of flour, and 30 centimes for a loaf of bread, threepence would have meant nothing to Colin.<ref> [[Girard1062\|LRO, doc. 1062]] [12].</ref>
	:Sometimes there is mention of the ''sou'' which is five centimes, the ''écu'' (''scudo'' in Italian), which was a coin equivalent to three francs.<ref> [[APAC67\|Above, p. 69]]. LC I, doc. 230.</ref> A ''Napoléon'' was a coin of 20 francs. Around South America the ''piastre'', equivalent to 5.5 francs, was often used.		:Sometimes there is mention of the ''sou'' which is five centimes, the ''écu'' (''scudo'' in Italian), which was a coin equivalent to three francs.<ref> [[APAC67\|Above, p. 69]]. LC I, doc. 230.</ref> A ''Napoléon'' was a coin of 20 francs. Around South America the ''piastre'', equivalent to 5.5 francs, was often used.
	:Gold was considered the basic standard for all currencies, and often money was sent in the form of gold coins. The gold coins in circulation in South America were Spanish, Mexican and Colombian so-called ''quadruples'' or ''doublons'' of one ounce of gold. In November 1836 they were traded in Paris for 84 or 85 francs, but the exchange rate varied according to the amount in circulation.<ref> Cf. [[Girard007\|LRO, doc. 7]] [14] & [[Girard0059\|~~LRIO~~, doc. 59]] [4].</ref>		:Gold was considered the basic standard for all currencies, and often money was sent in the form of gold coins. The gold coins in circulation in South America were Spanish, Mexican and Colombian so-called ''quadruples'' or ''doublons'' of one ounce of gold. In November 1836 they were traded in Paris for 84 or 85 francs, but the exchange rate varied according to the amount in circulation.<ref> Cf. [[Girard007\|LRO, doc. 7]] [14] & [[Girard0059\|LRO, doc. 59]] [4]. In 1840 the doublon was 87 francs in Tenerife, Pezant to Colin, 09.03.1840.</ref>
	:The 8.700 francs that Colin sent in May 1837 came to 100.72 ounces, which means just over 86 francs for one ounce of gold.<ref> Pompallier to Meynis, 17.03.1839, OPM, H30, 000867.</ref>		:The 8.700 francs that Colin sent in May 1837 came to 100.72 ounces, which means just over 86 francs for one ounce of gold.<ref> Pompallier to Meynis, 17.03.1839, OPM, H30, 000867.</ref>
	:In 1839 Bataillon wrote that the Methodist missionaries (probably in Tonga) were paid a thousand francs (for man and wife) a year by their home organization. There was a special allocation for each child.<ref> [[Girard0038\|LRO, doc. 38]] [10].</ref> In 1848 the upkeep of a Catholic missionary too was set at 1.000 francs a year. <ref> Bernard Bourtot, ''Colin, les missions et leur financement en 1848'', in Document SM Nr. 71, April 2007. Centre de Documentation Mariste, 6, rue Jean Ferrandi, 75006 Paris, p. 23.</ref> Mass stipends in France were one franc and the missionaries were scandalized to hear that priests in Valparaiso demanded five francs.<ref>Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. Cf. [[APAC92\|above p. 93]].</ref>		:In 1839 Bataillon wrote that the Methodist missionaries (probably in Tonga) were paid a thousand francs (for man and wife) a year by their home organization. There was a special allocation for each child.<ref> [[Girard0038\|LRO, doc. 38]] [10].</ref> In 1848 the upkeep of a Catholic missionary too was set at 1.000 francs a year. <ref> Bernard Bourtot, ''Colin, les missions et leur financement en 1848'', in Document SM Nr. 71, April 2007. Centre de Documentation Mariste, 6, rue Jean Ferrandi, 75006 Paris, p. 23.</ref> Mass stipends in France were one franc and the missionaries were scandalized to hear that priests in Valparaiso demanded five francs.<ref>Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. Cf. [[APAC92\|above p. 93]].</ref>

Merv at 02:42, 20 September 2008

2008-09-20T02:42:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:42, 20 September 2008
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	:Gold was considered the basic standard for all currencies, and often money was sent in the form of gold coins. The gold coins in circulation in South America were Spanish, Mexican and Colombian so-called ''quadruples'' or ''doublons'' of one ounce of gold. In November 1836 they were traded in Paris for 84 or 85 francs, but the exchange rate varied according to the amount in circulation.<ref> Cf. [[Girard007\|LRO, doc. 7]] [14] & [[Girard0059\|LRIO, doc. 59]] [4].</ref>		:Gold was considered the basic standard for all currencies, and often money was sent in the form of gold coins. The gold coins in circulation in South America were Spanish, Mexican and Colombian so-called ''quadruples'' or ''doublons'' of one ounce of gold. In November 1836 they were traded in Paris for 84 or 85 francs, but the exchange rate varied according to the amount in circulation.<ref> Cf. [[Girard007\|LRO, doc. 7]] [14] & [[Girard0059\|LRIO, doc. 59]] [4].</ref>
	:The 8.700 francs that Colin sent in May 1837 came to 100.72 ounces, which means just over 86 francs for one ounce of gold.<ref> Pompallier to Meynis, 17.03.1839, OPM, H30, 000867.</ref>		:The 8.700 francs that Colin sent in May 1837 came to 100.72 ounces, which means just over 86 francs for one ounce of gold.<ref> Pompallier to Meynis, 17.03.1839, OPM, H30, 000867.</ref>
	:In 1839 Bataillon wrote that the Methodist missionaries (probably in Tonga) were paid a thousand francs (for man and wife) a year by their home organization. There was a special allocation for each child.<ref> [[Girard0038\|LRO, doc. 38]] [10].</ref> In 1848 the upkeep of a Catholic missionary too was set at 1.000 francs a year. <ref> Bernard Bourtot, ''Colin, les missions et leur financement en 1848'', in Document SM Nr. 71, April 2007. Centre de Documentation Mariste, 6, rue Jean Ferrandi, 75006 Paris, p. 23.</ref> Mass stipends in France were one franc and the missionaries were scandalized to hear that priests in Valparaiso demanded five francs.<ref>Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. Cf. [[~~APAC93~~\|above p. 93]].</ref>		:In 1839 Bataillon wrote that the Methodist missionaries (probably in Tonga) were paid a thousand francs (for man and wife) a year by their home organization. There was a special allocation for each child.<ref> [[Girard0038\|LRO, doc. 38]] [10].</ref> In 1848 the upkeep of a Catholic missionary too was set at 1.000 francs a year. <ref> Bernard Bourtot, ''Colin, les missions et leur financement en 1848'', in Document SM Nr. 71, April 2007. Centre de Documentation Mariste, 6, rue Jean Ferrandi, 75006 Paris, p. 23.</ref> Mass stipends in France were one franc and the missionaries were scandalized to hear that priests in Valparaiso demanded five francs.<ref>Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. Cf. [[APAC92\|above p. 93]].</ref>

	[[Image:1803 Napoleon.jpg\|right\|A gold Napoléon coin, dating from 1803, worth 20 francs]]		[[Image:1803 Napoleon.jpg\|right\|A gold Napoléon coin, dating from 1803, worth 20 francs]]

Merv at 02:40, 20 September 2008

2008-09-20T02:40:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:40, 20 September 2008
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	\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise		\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
	\|[[APAC116\|'''excursus C''']]		\|[[APAC116\|'''excursus C''']]
			\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
			\|[[APAC119\|'''chapter seven]]
			\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
			\|[[APAC140\|'''excursus D''']]
			\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
			\|[[APAC142\|'''excursus E''']]
	\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise		\|-bgcolor=PaleTurquoise
	\|[[APAC:Epilogue\|'''epilogue''']]		\|[[APAC:Epilogue\|'''epilogue''']]

Merv at 23:51, 19 September 2008

2008-09-19T23:51:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:51, 20 September 2008
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	<div style="float:left; width:70%;"> <!-- This width added to the margin below to equal 99%-->		<div style="float:left; width:70%;"> <!-- This width added to the margin below to equal 99%-->

			[[Media:APAC Excursus-B.pdf\|Printer-friendly version of Excursus B]]

	[[Image:1791 French ecu.jpg\|right\|French écu coin from 1791]]		[[Image:1791 French ecu.jpg\|right\|French écu coin from 1791]]

Jan: /* Excursus B : money matters */

2008-07-03T17:10:03Z

Excursus B : money matters

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:10, 4 July 2008
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	:Sometimes there is mention of the ''sou'' which is five centimes, the ''écu'' (''scudo'' in Italian), which was a coin equivalent to three francs.<ref> [[APAC67\|Above, p. 69]]. LC I, doc. 230.</ref> A ''Napoléon'' was a coin of 20 francs. Around South America the ''piastre'', equivalent to 5.5 francs, was often used.		:Sometimes there is mention of the ''sou'' which is five centimes, the ''écu'' (''scudo'' in Italian), which was a coin equivalent to three francs.<ref> [[APAC67\|Above, p. 69]]. LC I, doc. 230.</ref> A ''Napoléon'' was a coin of 20 francs. Around South America the ''piastre'', equivalent to 5.5 francs, was often used.
	:Gold was considered the basic standard for all currencies, and often money was sent in the form of gold coins. The gold coins in circulation in South America were Spanish, Mexican and Colombian so-called ''quadruples'' or ''doublons'' of one ounce of gold. In November 1836 they were traded in Paris for 84 or 85 francs, but the exchange rate varied according to the amount in circulation.<ref> Cf. [[Girard007\|LRO, doc. 7]] [14] & [[Girard0059\|LRIO, doc. 59]] [4].</ref>		:Gold was considered the basic standard for all currencies, and often money was sent in the form of gold coins. The gold coins in circulation in South America were Spanish, Mexican and Colombian so-called ''quadruples'' or ''doublons'' of one ounce of gold. In November 1836 they were traded in Paris for 84 or 85 francs, but the exchange rate varied according to the amount in circulation.<ref> Cf. [[Girard007\|LRO, doc. 7]] [14] & [[Girard0059\|LRIO, doc. 59]] [4].</ref>
	:The 8.700 francs that Colin sent ~~from France~~ in May 1837 came to 100.72 ounces, which means just over 86 francs for one ounce of gold.<ref> Pompallier to Meynis, 17.03.1839, OPM, H30, 000867.</ref>		:The 8.700 francs that Colin sent in May 1837 came to 100.72 ounces, which means just over 86 francs for one ounce of gold.<ref> Pompallier to Meynis, 17.03.1839, OPM, H30, 000867.</ref>
	:In 1839 Bataillon wrote that the Methodist missionaries (probably in Tonga) were paid a thousand francs (for man and wife) a year by their home organization. There was a special allocation for each child.<ref> [[Girard0038\|LRO, doc. 38]] [10].</ref> In 1848 the upkeep of a Catholic missionary too was set at 1.000 francs a year. <ref> Bernard Bourtot, ''Colin, les missions et leur financement en 1848'', in Document SM Nr. 71, April 2007. Centre de Documentation Mariste, 6, rue Jean Ferrandi, 75006 Paris, p. 23.</ref> Mass stipends in France were one franc and the missionaries were scandalized to hear that priests in Valparaiso demanded five francs.<ref>Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. Cf. [[APAC93\|above p. 93]].</ref>		:In 1839 Bataillon wrote that the Methodist missionaries (probably in Tonga) were paid a thousand francs (for man and wife) a year by their home organization. There was a special allocation for each child.<ref> [[Girard0038\|LRO, doc. 38]] [10].</ref> In 1848 the upkeep of a Catholic missionary too was set at 1.000 francs a year. <ref> Bernard Bourtot, ''Colin, les missions et leur financement en 1848'', in Document SM Nr. 71, April 2007. Centre de Documentation Mariste, 6, rue Jean Ferrandi, 75006 Paris, p. 23.</ref> Mass stipends in France were one franc and the missionaries were scandalized to hear that priests in Valparaiso demanded five francs.<ref>Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. Cf. [[APAC93\|above p. 93]].</ref>

Jan: /* Excursus B : money matters */

2008-07-03T17:09:21Z

Excursus B : money matters

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:09, 4 July 2008
Line 4:		Line 4:

	[[Image:1791 French ecu.jpg\|right\|French écu coin from 1791]]		[[Image:1791 French ecu.jpg\|right\|French écu coin from 1791]]
	:The most often mentioned currency in the correspondence from Oceania is the French franc. In Australia and New Zealand the pound sterling was the ~~more~~ common currency although, perhaps because of the whalers, the Mexican quadruple too was in use in the Bay of Islands. The Frenchmen often kept thinking in terms of their familiar francs.		:The most often mentioned currency in the correspondence from Oceania is the French franc. In Australia and New Zealand the pound sterling was the common currency although, perhaps because of the whalers, the Mexican quadruple too was in use in the Bay of Islands. The Frenchmen often kept thinking in terms of their familiar francs.
	:The pound swung for a long time around 25 francs, which puts the franc at about tenpence.<ref> Cf. Dillon writing to Colin, quoted in Wiltgen, op. cit. p. 217. in 1841 Fr. Garin writes to Colin of a gift of 30 pounds and explains: 600 francs; probably an unthinking remark, [[Girard00111\|LRO, doc. 111]] [11].</ref> In 1851 Rocher wrote to Colin from Sydney that due to the gold rush he had to pay £ 26 for a ton of flour, and 30 centimes for a loaf of bread, threepence would have meant nothing to Colin.<ref> [[Girard1062\|LRO, doc. 1062]] [12].</ref>		:The pound swung for a long time around 25 francs, which puts the franc at about tenpence.<ref> Cf. Dillon writing to Colin, quoted in Wiltgen, op. cit. p. 217. in 1841 Fr. Garin writes to Colin of a gift of 30 pounds and explains: 600 francs; probably an unthinking remark, [[Girard00111\|LRO, doc. 111]] [11].</ref> In 1851 Rocher wrote to Colin from Sydney that due to the gold rush he had to pay £ 26 for a ton of flour, and 30 centimes for a loaf of bread, threepence would have meant nothing to Colin.<ref> [[Girard1062\|LRO, doc. 1062]] [12].</ref>
	:Sometimes there is mention of the ''sou'' which is five centimes, the ''écu'' (''scudo'' in Italian), which was a coin equivalent to three francs.<ref> [[APAC67\|Above, p. 69]]. LC I, doc. 230.</ref> A ''Napoléon'' was a coin of 20 francs. Around South America the ''piastre'', equivalent to 5.5 francs, was often used.		:Sometimes there is mention of the ''sou'' which is five centimes, the ''écu'' (''scudo'' in Italian), which was a coin equivalent to three francs.<ref> [[APAC67\|Above, p. 69]]. LC I, doc. 230.</ref> A ''Napoléon'' was a coin of 20 francs. Around South America the ''piastre'', equivalent to 5.5 francs, was often used.
	:Gold was considered the basic standard for all currencies, and often money was sent in the form of gold coins. The gold coins in circulation in South America were Spanish, Mexican and Colombian so-called ''quadruples'' or ''doublons'' of one ounce of gold. In November 1836 they were traded in Paris for 84 or 85 francs, but the exchange rate varied according to the amount in circulation.<ref> Cf. [[Girard007\|LRO, doc. 7]] [14] & [[Girard0059\|LRIO, doc. 59]] [4].</ref>		:Gold was considered the basic standard for all currencies, and often money was sent in the form of gold coins. The gold coins in circulation in South America were Spanish, Mexican and Colombian so-called ''quadruples'' or ''doublons'' of one ounce of gold. In November 1836 they were traded in Paris for 84 or 85 francs, but the exchange rate varied according to the amount in circulation.<ref> Cf. [[Girard007\|LRO, doc. 7]] [14] & [[Girard0059\|LRIO, doc. 59]] [4].</ref>
	:The 8.700 francs that Colin sent from France in May 1837 came to 100.72 ounces, which means just over 86 francs for one ounce of gold.<ref> Pompallier to Meynis, 17.03.1839, OPM, H30, 000867.</ref>		:The 8.700 francs that Colin sent from France in May 1837 came to 100.72 ounces, which means just over 86 francs for one ounce of gold.<ref> Pompallier to Meynis, 17.03.1839, OPM, H30, 000867.</ref>
	:In 1839 Bataillon wrote that the Methodist missionaries (probably in Tonga) were paid a thousand francs (for man and wife) a year by their home organization. There was a special allocation for each child.<ref> [[Girard0038\|LRO, doc. 38]] [10].</ref> In 1848 the upkeep of a Catholic missionary too was set at 1.000 francs a year. <ref> Bernard Bourtot, ''Colin, les missions et leur financement en 1848'', in Document SM Nr. 71, April 2007. Centre de Documentation Mariste, 6, rue Jean Ferrandi, 75006 Paris, p. 23.</ref> Mass stipends in France were one franc and the missionaries were scandalized to hear that priests in Valparaiso ~~demaded~~ five francs.<ref>Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. Cf. [[APAC93\|above p. 93]].</ref>		:In 1839 Bataillon wrote that the Methodist missionaries (probably in Tonga) were paid a thousand francs (for man and wife) a year by their home organization. There was a special allocation for each child.<ref> [[Girard0038\|LRO, doc. 38]] [10].</ref> In 1848 the upkeep of a Catholic missionary too was set at 1.000 francs a year. <ref> Bernard Bourtot, ''Colin, les missions et leur financement en 1848'', in Document SM Nr. 71, April 2007. Centre de Documentation Mariste, 6, rue Jean Ferrandi, 75006 Paris, p. 23.</ref> Mass stipends in France were one franc and the missionaries were scandalized to hear that priests in Valparaiso demanded five francs.<ref>Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. Cf. [[APAC93\|above p. 93]].</ref>

	[[Image:1803 Napoleon.jpg\|right\|A gold Napoléon coin, dating from 1803, worth 20 francs]]		[[Image:1803 Napoleon.jpg\|right\|A gold Napoléon coin, dating from 1803, worth 20 francs]]

Jan: /* Excursus B : money matters */

2008-07-03T15:49:30Z

Excursus B : money matters

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:49, 4 July 2008
Line 9:		Line 9:
	:Gold was considered the basic standard for all currencies, and often money was sent in the form of gold coins. The gold coins in circulation in South America were Spanish, Mexican and Colombian so-called ''quadruples'' or ''doublons'' of one ounce of gold. In November 1836 they were traded in Paris for 84 or 85 francs, but the exchange rate varied according to the amount in circulation.<ref> Cf. [[Girard007\|LRO, doc. 7]] [14] & [[Girard0059\|LRIO, doc. 59]] [4].</ref>		:Gold was considered the basic standard for all currencies, and often money was sent in the form of gold coins. The gold coins in circulation in South America were Spanish, Mexican and Colombian so-called ''quadruples'' or ''doublons'' of one ounce of gold. In November 1836 they were traded in Paris for 84 or 85 francs, but the exchange rate varied according to the amount in circulation.<ref> Cf. [[Girard007\|LRO, doc. 7]] [14] & [[Girard0059\|LRIO, doc. 59]] [4].</ref>
	:The 8.700 francs that Colin sent from France in May 1837 came to 100.72 ounces, which means just over 86 francs for one ounce of gold.<ref> Pompallier to Meynis, 17.03.1839, OPM, H30, 000867.</ref>		:The 8.700 francs that Colin sent from France in May 1837 came to 100.72 ounces, which means just over 86 francs for one ounce of gold.<ref> Pompallier to Meynis, 17.03.1839, OPM, H30, 000867.</ref>
	:In 1839 Bataillon wrote that the Methodist missionaries (probably in Tonga) were paid a thousand francs (for man and wife) a year by their home organization. There was a special allocation for each child.<ref> [[Girard0038\|LRO, doc. 38]] [10].</ref> In 1848 the upkeep of a Catholic missionary too was set at 1.000 francs a year. <ref> Bernard Bourtot, ''Colin, les missions et leur financement en 1848'', in Document SM Nr. 71, April 2007. Centre de Documentation Mariste, 6, rue Jean Ferrandi, 75006 Paris, p. 23.</ref> Mass stipends in France were one franc and the missionaries were scandalized to hear that priests in Valparaiso demaded five francs.<ref>Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. [[APAC93\|above p. 93]].</ref>		:In 1839 Bataillon wrote that the Methodist missionaries (probably in Tonga) were paid a thousand francs (for man and wife) a year by their home organization. There was a special allocation for each child.<ref> [[Girard0038\|LRO, doc. 38]] [10].</ref> In 1848 the upkeep of a Catholic missionary too was set at 1.000 francs a year. <ref> Bernard Bourtot, ''Colin, les missions et leur financement en 1848'', in Document SM Nr. 71, April 2007. Centre de Documentation Mariste, 6, rue Jean Ferrandi, 75006 Paris, p. 23.</ref> Mass stipends in France were one franc and the missionaries were scandalized to hear that priests in Valparaiso demaded five francs.<ref>Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. Cf. [[APAC93\|above p. 93]].</ref>

	[[Image:1803 Napoleon.jpg\|right\|A gold Napoléon coin, dating from 1803, worth 20 francs]]		[[Image:1803 Napoleon.jpg\|right\|A gold Napoléon coin, dating from 1803, worth 20 francs]]

Jan: /* Excursus B : money matters */

2008-07-03T15:48:14Z

Excursus B : money matters

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:48, 4 July 2008
Line 9:		Line 9:
	:Gold was considered the basic standard for all currencies, and often money was sent in the form of gold coins. The gold coins in circulation in South America were Spanish, Mexican and Colombian so-called ''quadruples'' or ''doublons'' of one ounce of gold. In November 1836 they were traded in Paris for 84 or 85 francs, but the exchange rate varied according to the amount in circulation.<ref> Cf. [[Girard007\|LRO, doc. 7]] [14] & [[Girard0059\|LRIO, doc. 59]] [4].</ref>		:Gold was considered the basic standard for all currencies, and often money was sent in the form of gold coins. The gold coins in circulation in South America were Spanish, Mexican and Colombian so-called ''quadruples'' or ''doublons'' of one ounce of gold. In November 1836 they were traded in Paris for 84 or 85 francs, but the exchange rate varied according to the amount in circulation.<ref> Cf. [[Girard007\|LRO, doc. 7]] [14] & [[Girard0059\|LRIO, doc. 59]] [4].</ref>
	:The 8.700 francs that Colin sent from France in May 1837 came to 100.72 ounces, which means just over 86 francs for one ounce of gold.<ref> Pompallier to Meynis, 17.03.1839, OPM, H30, 000867.</ref>		:The 8.700 francs that Colin sent from France in May 1837 came to 100.72 ounces, which means just over 86 francs for one ounce of gold.<ref> Pompallier to Meynis, 17.03.1839, OPM, H30, 000867.</ref>
	:In 1839 Bataillon wrote that the Methodist missionaries (probably in Tonga) were paid a thousand francs (for man and wife) a year by their home organization. There was a special allocation for each child.<ref> [[Girard0038\|LRO, doc. 38]] [10].</ref> In 1848 the upkeep of a Catholic missionary too was set at 1.000 francs a year. <ref> Bernard Bourtot, ''Colin, les missions et leur financement en 1848'', in Document SM Nr. 71, April 2007. Centre de Documentation Mariste, 6, rue Jean Ferrandi, 75006 Paris, p. 23.</ref> Mass stipends in France were one franc and the missionaries were scandalized to hear that priests in Valparaiso demaded five francs.<ref>Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. ~~Cf.~~ above p. 93.</ref>		:In 1839 Bataillon wrote that the Methodist missionaries (probably in Tonga) were paid a thousand francs (for man and wife) a year by their home organization. There was a special allocation for each child.<ref> [[Girard0038\|LRO, doc. 38]] [10].</ref> In 1848 the upkeep of a Catholic missionary too was set at 1.000 francs a year. <ref> Bernard Bourtot, ''Colin, les missions et leur financement en 1848'', in Document SM Nr. 71, April 2007. Centre de Documentation Mariste, 6, rue Jean Ferrandi, 75006 Paris, p. 23.</ref> Mass stipends in France were one franc and the missionaries were scandalized to hear that priests in Valparaiso demaded five francs.<ref>Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. [[APAC93\|above p. 93]].</ref>

	[[Image:1803 Napoleon.jpg\|right\|A gold Napoléon coin, dating from 1803, worth 20 francs]]		[[Image:1803 Napoleon.jpg\|right\|A gold Napoléon coin, dating from 1803, worth 20 francs]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:35, 30 November 2008
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	:The pound swung for a long time around 25 francs, which puts the franc at about tenpence.<ref> Cf. Dillon writing to Colin, quoted in Wiltgen, op. cit. p. 217. in 1841 Fr. Garin writes to Colin of a gift of 30 pounds and explains: 600 francs; probably an unthinking remark, [[Girard00111\|LRO, doc. 111]] [11].</ref> In 1851 Rocher wrote to Colin from Sydney that due to the gold rush he had to pay £ 26 for a ton of flour, and 30 centimes for a loaf of bread, threepence would have meant nothing to Colin.<ref> [[Girard1062\|LRO, doc. 1062]] [12].</ref>		:The pound swung for a long time around 25 francs, which puts the franc at about tenpence.<ref> Cf. Dillon writing to Colin, quoted in Wiltgen, op. cit. p. 217. in 1841 Fr. Garin writes to Colin of a gift of 30 pounds and explains: 600 francs; probably an unthinking remark, [[Girard00111\|LRO, doc. 111]] [11].</ref> In 1851 Rocher wrote to Colin from Sydney that due to the gold rush he had to pay £ 26 for a ton of flour, and 30 centimes for a loaf of bread, threepence would have meant nothing to Colin.<ref> [[Girard1062\|LRO, doc. 1062]] [12].</ref>
	:Sometimes there is mention of the ''sou'' which is five centimes, the ''écu'' (''scudo'' in Italian), which was a coin equivalent to three francs.<ref> [[APAC67\|Above, p. 69]]. LC I, doc. 230.</ref> A ''Napoléon'' was a coin of 20 francs. Around South America the ''piastre'', equivalent to 5.5 francs, was often used.		:Sometimes there is mention of the ''sou'' which is five centimes, the ''écu'' (''scudo'' in Italian), which was a coin equivalent to three francs.<ref> [[APAC67\|Above, p. 69]]. LC I, doc. 230.</ref> A ''Napoléon'' was a coin of 20 francs. Around South America the ''piastre'', equivalent to 5.5 francs, was often used.
	:Gold was considered the basic standard for all currencies, and often money was sent in the form of gold coins. The gold coins in circulation in South America were Spanish, Mexican and Colombian so-called ''quadruples'' or ''doublons'' of one ounce of gold. In November 1836 they were traded in Paris for 84 or 85 francs, but the exchange rate varied according to the amount in circulation.<ref> Cf. [[Girard007\|LRO, doc. 7]] [14] & [[Girard0059\|~~LRIO~~, doc. 59]] [4].</ref>		:Gold was considered the basic standard for all currencies, and often money was sent in the form of gold coins. The gold coins in circulation in South America were Spanish, Mexican and Colombian so-called ''quadruples'' or ''doublons'' of one ounce of gold. In November 1836 they were traded in Paris for 84 or 85 francs, but the exchange rate varied according to the amount in circulation.<ref> Cf. [[Girard007\|LRO, doc. 7]] [14] & [[Girard0059\|LRO, doc. 59]] [4]. In 1840 the doublon was 87 francs in Tenerife, Pezant to Colin, 09.03.1840.</ref>
	:The 8.700 francs that Colin sent in May 1837 came to 100.72 ounces, which means just over 86 francs for one ounce of gold.<ref> Pompallier to Meynis, 17.03.1839, OPM, H30, 000867.</ref>		:The 8.700 francs that Colin sent in May 1837 came to 100.72 ounces, which means just over 86 francs for one ounce of gold.<ref> Pompallier to Meynis, 17.03.1839, OPM, H30, 000867.</ref>
	:In 1839 Bataillon wrote that the Methodist missionaries (probably in Tonga) were paid a thousand francs (for man and wife) a year by their home organization. There was a special allocation for each child.<ref> [[Girard0038\|LRO, doc. 38]] [10].</ref> In 1848 the upkeep of a Catholic missionary too was set at 1.000 francs a year. <ref> Bernard Bourtot, ''Colin, les missions et leur financement en 1848'', in Document SM Nr. 71, April 2007. Centre de Documentation Mariste, 6, rue Jean Ferrandi, 75006 Paris, p. 23.</ref> Mass stipends in France were one franc and the missionaries were scandalized to hear that priests in Valparaiso demanded five francs.<ref>Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. Cf. [[APAC92\|above p. 93]].</ref>		:In 1839 Bataillon wrote that the Methodist missionaries (probably in Tonga) were paid a thousand francs (for man and wife) a year by their home organization. There was a special allocation for each child.<ref> [[Girard0038\|LRO, doc. 38]] [10].</ref> In 1848 the upkeep of a Catholic missionary too was set at 1.000 francs a year. <ref> Bernard Bourtot, ''Colin, les missions et leur financement en 1848'', in Document SM Nr. 71, April 2007. Centre de Documentation Mariste, 6, rue Jean Ferrandi, 75006 Paris, p. 23.</ref> Mass stipends in France were one franc and the missionaries were scandalized to hear that priests in Valparaiso demanded five francs.<ref>Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. Cf. [[APAC92\|above p. 93]].</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:09, 4 July 2008
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	[[Image:1791 French ecu.jpg\|right\|French écu coin from 1791]]		[[Image:1791 French ecu.jpg\|right\|French écu coin from 1791]]
	:The most often mentioned currency in the correspondence from Oceania is the French franc. In Australia and New Zealand the pound sterling was the ~~more~~ common currency although, perhaps because of the whalers, the Mexican quadruple too was in use in the Bay of Islands. The Frenchmen often kept thinking in terms of their familiar francs.		:The most often mentioned currency in the correspondence from Oceania is the French franc. In Australia and New Zealand the pound sterling was the common currency although, perhaps because of the whalers, the Mexican quadruple too was in use in the Bay of Islands. The Frenchmen often kept thinking in terms of their familiar francs.
	:The pound swung for a long time around 25 francs, which puts the franc at about tenpence.<ref> Cf. Dillon writing to Colin, quoted in Wiltgen, op. cit. p. 217. in 1841 Fr. Garin writes to Colin of a gift of 30 pounds and explains: 600 francs; probably an unthinking remark, [[Girard00111\|LRO, doc. 111]] [11].</ref> In 1851 Rocher wrote to Colin from Sydney that due to the gold rush he had to pay £ 26 for a ton of flour, and 30 centimes for a loaf of bread, threepence would have meant nothing to Colin.<ref> [[Girard1062\|LRO, doc. 1062]] [12].</ref>		:The pound swung for a long time around 25 francs, which puts the franc at about tenpence.<ref> Cf. Dillon writing to Colin, quoted in Wiltgen, op. cit. p. 217. in 1841 Fr. Garin writes to Colin of a gift of 30 pounds and explains: 600 francs; probably an unthinking remark, [[Girard00111\|LRO, doc. 111]] [11].</ref> In 1851 Rocher wrote to Colin from Sydney that due to the gold rush he had to pay £ 26 for a ton of flour, and 30 centimes for a loaf of bread, threepence would have meant nothing to Colin.<ref> [[Girard1062\|LRO, doc. 1062]] [12].</ref>
	:Sometimes there is mention of the ''sou'' which is five centimes, the ''écu'' (''scudo'' in Italian), which was a coin equivalent to three francs.<ref> [[APAC67\|Above, p. 69]]. LC I, doc. 230.</ref> A ''Napoléon'' was a coin of 20 francs. Around South America the ''piastre'', equivalent to 5.5 francs, was often used.		:Sometimes there is mention of the ''sou'' which is five centimes, the ''écu'' (''scudo'' in Italian), which was a coin equivalent to three francs.<ref> [[APAC67\|Above, p. 69]]. LC I, doc. 230.</ref> A ''Napoléon'' was a coin of 20 francs. Around South America the ''piastre'', equivalent to 5.5 francs, was often used.
	:Gold was considered the basic standard for all currencies, and often money was sent in the form of gold coins. The gold coins in circulation in South America were Spanish, Mexican and Colombian so-called ''quadruples'' or ''doublons'' of one ounce of gold. In November 1836 they were traded in Paris for 84 or 85 francs, but the exchange rate varied according to the amount in circulation.<ref> Cf. [[Girard007\|LRO, doc. 7]] [14] & [[Girard0059\|LRIO, doc. 59]] [4].</ref>		:Gold was considered the basic standard for all currencies, and often money was sent in the form of gold coins. The gold coins in circulation in South America were Spanish, Mexican and Colombian so-called ''quadruples'' or ''doublons'' of one ounce of gold. In November 1836 they were traded in Paris for 84 or 85 francs, but the exchange rate varied according to the amount in circulation.<ref> Cf. [[Girard007\|LRO, doc. 7]] [14] & [[Girard0059\|LRIO, doc. 59]] [4].</ref>
	:The 8.700 francs that Colin sent from France in May 1837 came to 100.72 ounces, which means just over 86 francs for one ounce of gold.<ref> Pompallier to Meynis, 17.03.1839, OPM, H30, 000867.</ref>		:The 8.700 francs that Colin sent from France in May 1837 came to 100.72 ounces, which means just over 86 francs for one ounce of gold.<ref> Pompallier to Meynis, 17.03.1839, OPM, H30, 000867.</ref>
	:In 1839 Bataillon wrote that the Methodist missionaries (probably in Tonga) were paid a thousand francs (for man and wife) a year by their home organization. There was a special allocation for each child.<ref> [[Girard0038\|LRO, doc. 38]] [10].</ref> In 1848 the upkeep of a Catholic missionary too was set at 1.000 francs a year. <ref> Bernard Bourtot, ''Colin, les missions et leur financement en 1848'', in Document SM Nr. 71, April 2007. Centre de Documentation Mariste, 6, rue Jean Ferrandi, 75006 Paris, p. 23.</ref> Mass stipends in France were one franc and the missionaries were scandalized to hear that priests in Valparaiso ~~demaded~~ five francs.<ref>Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. Cf. [[APAC93\|above p. 93]].</ref>		:In 1839 Bataillon wrote that the Methodist missionaries (probably in Tonga) were paid a thousand francs (for man and wife) a year by their home organization. There was a special allocation for each child.<ref> [[Girard0038\|LRO, doc. 38]] [10].</ref> In 1848 the upkeep of a Catholic missionary too was set at 1.000 francs a year. <ref> Bernard Bourtot, ''Colin, les missions et leur financement en 1848'', in Document SM Nr. 71, April 2007. Centre de Documentation Mariste, 6, rue Jean Ferrandi, 75006 Paris, p. 23.</ref> Mass stipends in France were one franc and the missionaries were scandalized to hear that priests in Valparaiso demanded five francs.<ref>Baty to Colin, 12.01.1839. Cf. [[APAC93\|above p. 93]].</ref>

	[[Image:1803 Napoleon.jpg\|right\|A gold Napoléon coin, dating from 1803, worth 20 francs]]		[[Image:1803 Napoleon.jpg\|right\|A gold Napoléon coin, dating from 1803, worth 20 francs]]